NAILS AND STRENGTH AND WOUNDS.

 NAILS AND STRENGTH AND WOUNDS.

 

Introduction: 

 

The nail is at the end of each finger above the back. The main function of the nail is protection and it also helps in strong grip to hold things. It consists of a hard and relatively light keratinous nail plate that is formed from the nail matrix. . Beneath the nail plate is a soft tissue called the cuticle. Between the skin and the nail plate there is a fold or cuticle of the nail. The hard nail is slightly pink and its surface is convex from side to side. Fingernails grow 1 cm. In three months the toenail takes 24 months for the same.

 

Importance of efforts in diagnosis: 

 

The color, shape, form and texture of nails provide information about the health and hygiene of a person in general. All doctors always check efforts for details about the underlying diseases. It is enough to look at the nails to determine the cleanliness of a person. Bad nails can be congenital or due to some diseases. The causes of changes in nails range from simple things to life-threatening diseases. Therefore, a doctor's examination is important for diagnosis. Some negative findings with potential implications are discussed here for general awareness.

 

1) Cleanliness:- 

 

We can easily distinguish bad nails. A deposit of dirt under the distal end of the nail plate can lead to the flow of bacteria while eating. If the nails are not done properly, it can lead to nail problems in children. When the worms get into the cavity, the children will crawl, which will put the worm eggs under the fingernails and get into it when they eat. Ingrown toenails can also aggravate the condition of the skin by trimming it properly. Sharp nails in small children cause minor injuries when they kick or swing their hands. 2) Color:- 

 

a) Nails become pale and anemic.

 

b) Leukonychia is seen in chronic kidney failure and nephrotic syndrome. c) Bleeding and hypoalbuminemia are also seen in cirrhosis and kidney disease. 

 

d) Drugs like sulf group, antimalarials and antibiotics etc. can produce nail polish. e) Fungal infection causes black discoloration.

 

f) In pseudomonas infection, nails turn black or green. g) Nail folds occur in vasculitis, especially in SLE and polyarteritis.

 

h) Blood spots on the nail are seen due to bleeding and subacute bacterial endocarditis, arthritis, trauma, collagen vascular disease. i) A negative injury produces bleeding and causes a blue/black discoloration.

 

j) Nails turn brown in kidney disease and reduced adrenal function. k) In Wilson's disease, a semicircular blue spot appears on the nail.

 

l) When blood supply decreases, nails turn yellow. In jaundice and psoriasis, nails also become yellow. m) In yellow nail disease, all nails are yellow with pleural effusion.

 

3) Types of nails:- 

 

a) Clubbing: Here, the tissue under the nail is melted and the part between the nail head and the skin is cleaned. The nail becomes more convex and the finger tips become bulbous and resemble the end of a drum. When the condition worsens, the nail looks like a chicken's beak. Factors that cause plant growth:- 

 

Birth defects 

 

Chronic severe cyanosis 

 

Lung diseases such as empyema, bronchiectasis, bronchial carcinoma and pulmonary tuberculosis. 

Colon diseases such as Crohn's disease, colon polyposis, ulcerative colitis, liver cirrhosis, etc. Cardiac diseases such as Tetralogy of Fallot, Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis and ect.

 

b) Koilonychia:- 

 

Here the nail becomes concave like a spoon. This condition is seen in iron deficiency anemia. In this condition, the nail is thin, soft and brittle. Normal convexity will be replaced by concavity. c) Long ridges are seen in Raynaud's disease.

 

d) The skin breaks down in dermatomyositis. e) Nail telangiectasia is a sign of dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis and SLE.

 

4) Arrangements and Agreements:- 

 

a) Fungal infections of the nails cause deformation, deformation, growth and unpleasant irritation. b) The nails of the nails are characteristic of psoriasis, severe eczema and alopecia areata.

 

c) Inflammation of the cuticle or nail plate is called paronychia. d) Onycholysis is the splitting of the nail bed seen in psoriasis, infections and after tetracyclines.

 

e) Destruction of nails is seen in lichen planus, epidermolysis bullosa. f) Missing nail is seen in patellar nail disease. It is an inherited disease.

 

g) Nails break in Raynaud's disease and gangrene. h) Falling nails are seen in fungal diseases, psoriasis and thyroid diseases.

 

5) Growth:- 

 

Decreased blood flow affects nail growth. Nail growth is also affected in severe disease. when the disease disappears, growth resumes, causing it